Opioid Addiction and Dental Health

Drug abuse is considered one of the most devastating health problems worldwide. In recent years, medical professionals have focused on the harmful effects of opioids, an addictive pain reliever. Long-term opioid use can cause a range of medical conditions and health problems. Here is how opioid addiction can affect dental health.

Tooth decay

Studies show that people addicted to opioids often do not take care of themselves. They stop brushing and flossing their teeth. And, they stop scheduling dental checkups and cleanings. Of course, neglecting dental health greatly increases the risk for decay, tooth loss or worse.

Dry mouth

Regular use of opioids can dry out oral tissues, reducing the amount of saliva the mouth produces.

This harms oral health, because saliva is the natural lubricant for the mouth. As saliva swishes over tooth surfaces, it removes food particles stuck between teeth and along the gumline between brushings. Saliva also controls oral acids and bacteria that can cause dental health problems like decay and bad breath.

Acid reflux

Opioid addiction can lead to increased bouts of acid reflux. In addition to the discomfort and potential damage to the esophagus, it can damage tooth enamel and tender gum tissues.

Weakened teeth and gums

Opioid addicts who neglect their dental health may experience several other problems. Here are three conditions:

1. Bruxism– Users are more prone to grind their teeth, which can crack and break enamel and weaken the jaw.
2. Reduced blood flow to oral tissues– Blood contains oxygen that helps keep tissues healthy. Decreased blood flow to oral tissues can cause them to die and weaken tooth structures.
3. Mouth sores and ulcers– Diminished blood flow and reduced saliva can increase the development of painful mouth sores and ulcers.

Masked pain

Opioids reduce pain, which is one reason why they are so addictive. When using, people may not detect changes in their teeth and gums, such as decay and periodontal disease. Studies show that some people who are addicted to opioids apply the drug directly to the teeth and gums to dull dental pain. Then they put off seeing a dentist until experiencing significant dental health problems.

Sources and References:
American Addiction Centers
WebMD
American Dental Association